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Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (OECD)

Observed

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a percent of GDP, from the OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Ingestedfrom OECDfreshJSON export
Current value, OECD
2.72percent of GDP
period 2024
Geography
OECD (OECD)World Bank aggregate, not a continent
Observation date
2024
Unit
percent of GDP
Frequency
annual
Ingested
2026-09-07 20:00 UTC
1-year change+0.0226improving+0.84%2023 to 2024from 2.7 to 2.72 percent of GDP
10-year trend+1.50% per yearimproving+16.06%2014 to 2024compound annual growth rate; total +0.3766 percent of GDP, from 2.35 to 2.72 percent of GDP
Historical series

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (OECD), OECD

Observed
1.822.22.42.62.819911995200020052010201520202024PERCENT OF GDP2.72
34 observations, 1991 to 2024latest point emphasised
Data table (34 rows)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (OECD), OECD: 34 observations from 1991 to 2024, values from 1.95 to 2.72 percent of GDP. Latest 2.72 percent of GDP in 2024. Full data table below.
PeriodValue (percent of GDP)Source revisionIngested at
20242.72212026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20232.69952026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20222.67322026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20212.68172026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20202.69772026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20192.54012026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20182.47412026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20172.39762026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20162.35572026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20152.35992026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20142.34552026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20132.32142026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20122.29772026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20112.30032026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20102.27752026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20092.31482026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20082.26942026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20072.22652026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20062.18512026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20052.15412026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20042.12322026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20032.14652026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20022.14022026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20012.16132026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
20002.12322026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19992.08572026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19982.04362026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19972.01542026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19961.99642026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19951.97332026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19941.94582026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19931.99742026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19922.05562026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
19912.10162026-09-072026-09-07 20:00 UTC
48 geographies have observations for this metric
OECD, OECD Data Explorer (SDMX REST API), series OECD.STI.STP,DSD_MSTI@DF_MSTI/.A.G.PT_B1GQ._Z._Z
Definition

What this measures

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) is total intramural expenditure on research and experimental development performed in the national territory during the year, by business, government, higher education and private non-profit sectors, following the Frascati Manual, expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product. OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (dataflow OECD.STI.STP:DSD_MSTI@DF_MSTI), measure G, unit PT_B1GQ. Annual. Covers OECD members and selected partner economies; the OECD total is the OECD's own aggregate.

Direction
higher is better
Geography level
country
Slug
oecd-rd-expenditure
Science & Knowledge

Related metrics

All Science & Knowledge metrics

Provenance and methodologysource, series, ingestion, revisions
Classification
Observedpublished by the cited source, ingested without transformation
Source organization
OECD, OECD Data Explorer (SDMX REST API)
Series ID
OECD.STI.STP,DSD_MSTI@DF_MSTI/.A.G.PT_B1GQ._Z._Zlast fetch: ok
Source links
License and attribution
Approved with attribution
OECD (2026), [dataset name], OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org (accessed on [date]).
Terms of use
Last source update
2026-09-07(source revision label as published by the provider)
Last ingestion
last successful runfresh
Last run
success2026-09-07 20:16 UTC
Parser version
oecd-sdmx-csv/1.0.0
Methodology version
1.0
Quality and confidence
Values are revised in place by the OECD; each revision is stored as a new row labelled with the response date. The OECD total is stored under the aggregate geography OECD; EU, euro area and G7 aggregates are not stored.
Ingestion rejects values outside 0 to 20 percent of GDP.
34 periods with values for this geography, 1991 to 2024.
Revisions
Values reported for the latest period (2024) by each source revision ingested. Earlier rows are never deleted; the newest ingested row is shown as current.
Source revisionValue (percent of GDP)Ingested atStatus
2026-09-072.72212026-09-07 20:00 UTCcurrent
No superseded rows for this geography: every period has been ingested once.