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Atmospheric CO2, global annual mean

Observed

Globally averaged mole fraction of carbon dioxide in dry air at the marine surface, annual mean, parts per million.

Ingestedfrom NOAAfreshJSON export
Current value, World
425.62ppm
period 2025
Geography
World (WLD)
Observation date
2025
Unit
ppm
Frequency
annual
Ingested
2026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1-year change+2.83worsening+0.67%2024 to 2025from 422.79 to 425.62 ppm
10-year trend+0.63% per yearworsening+6.50%2015 to 2025compound annual growth rate; total +25.97 ppm, from 399.65 to 425.62 ppm
Historical series

Atmospheric CO2, global annual mean, World

Observed
3203403603804004204401979198019902000201020202025PPM425.62
47 observations, 1979 to 2025latest point emphasised
Data table (47 rows)
Atmospheric CO2, global annual mean, World: 47 observations from 1979 to 2025, values from 336.85 to 425.62 ppm. Latest 425.62 ppm in 2025. Full data table below.
PeriodValue (ppm)Source revisionIngested at
2025425.622026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2024422.792026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2023419.352026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2022417.082026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2021414.72026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2020412.442026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2019410.072026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2018407.612026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2017405.222026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2016403.072026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2015399.652026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2014397.342026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2013395.42026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2012392.652026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2011390.622026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2010388.752026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2009386.52026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2008385.022026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2007382.92026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2006381.152026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2005378.982026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2004376.942026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2003375.142026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2002372.582026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2001370.572026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
2000368.962026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1999367.792026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1998365.72026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1997363.042026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1996361.932026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1995360.182026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1994358.332026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1993356.832026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1992356.092026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1991355.42026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1990354.062026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1989352.792026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1988351.162026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1987348.682026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1986346.972026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1985345.542026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1984344.072026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1983342.532026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1982340.852026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1981340.112026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1980338.912026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1979336.852026-08-052026-09-07 19:59 UTC
1 geographies have observations for this metric
NOAA, NOAA NCEI access data service, series gml:co2_annmean_gl
Definition

What this measures

Annual mean of the globally averaged marine surface CO2 mole fraction from the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory cooperative air sampling network, expressed as micromol per mol of dry air (ppm). The global average is built from smoothed records at marine boundary layer sites, fitted as a function of latitude and averaged over the globe at each time step. Series begins in 1980. The stored uncertainty is NOAA's Monte Carlo estimate for the annual mean.

Direction
lower is better
Geography level
world
Slug
co2-global-annual-mean
Environment & Regeneration

Related metrics

All Environment & Regeneration metrics

Provenance and methodologysource, series, ingestion, revisions
Classification
Observedpublished by the cited source, ingested without transformation
Source organization
NOAA, NOAA NCEI access data service
Series ID
gml:co2_annmean_gllast fetch: ok
Source links
License and attribution
Approved with attribution
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
Terms of use
Last source update
2026-08-05(source revision label as published by the provider)
Last ingestion
last successful runfresh
Last run
success2026-09-07 20:16 UTC
Parser version
noaa-gml-ncei/1.0.0
Methodology version
1.0
Quality and confidence
The most recent year is preliminary pending recalibration of reference gases; NOAA revises it in place and occasionally earlier years. Each revision is stored as a new row labelled with the file creation date. Cite Lan, X., Tans, P. and K.W. Thoning, NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/).
Ingestion rejects values outside 250 to 1,000 ppm.
47 periods with values for this geography, 1979 to 2025.
Revisions
Values reported for the latest period (2025) by each source revision ingested. Earlier rows are never deleted; the newest ingested row is shown as current.
Source revisionValue (ppm)Ingested atStatus
2026-08-05425.622026-09-07 19:59 UTCcurrent
No superseded rows for this geography: every period has been ingested once.